In the early 16th century, Florence was caught up in the power struggles of Italy’s major powers. The republic was temporarily overthrown during the rise of Savonarola, a Dominican friar who led a religious reform movement and established a theocratic government. After his execution in 1498, the Medici returned to power with the backing of external forces like France and the Holy Roman Empire.
By 1532, the Republic of Florence was formally transformed into the Duchy of Florence under Alessandro de' Medici, marking the end of the republic and the beginning of Medici ducal rule, which continued until the 18th century.
Legacy of the Republic of Florence
Though the Republic of Florence ceased to exist as a political entity in the 16th century, its impact on European history is profound. It was a pioneering example of republican government amidst monarchical and feudal regimes, and its unique political culture fostered unprecedented artistic and intellectual achievements.
Florence’s blend of commerce, politics, and culture set the stage for modern capitalism, humanism, and secular governance. The city’s legacy as the cradle of the Renaissance continues to attract scholars, artists, and tourists fascinated by its rich history. shutdown123